BEECH 50 TWIN BONANZA IN AUSTRALIA

Last updated 10 March 2021

A listing compiled by Geoff Goodall

Connellan Airways Beech B50 VH-CLA at Townsite Aerodrome, Alice Springs in 1958. Photo by Ian Leslie, via Civil Aviation Historical Society

The Beech Model 50 Twin Bonanza six-seater was the first US twin-engined light commercial aircraft of post-war design to attain quantity production. The prototype first flew on 15 November 1949. The first production Model 50 was powered by two 260hp Lycoming GO-435 engines and was followed by a series of refined designs with increasingly powerful Lycoming 6 cylinder engines to allow higher payloads. All Twin Bonanzas were built by Beechcraft at Wichita, Kansas, and production finished in 1963 with the model J50.

Nine Twin Bonanzas were imported to Australia and one to Papua New Guinea. A principle operator was Connellan Airways at Alice Springs, Northern Territory which used them on mail and passenger schedules to remote cattle stations and towns across outback NT, WA and western Queensland. Founder Eddie Connellan wrote in his book Failure of Triumph:

"I was very conservative when I decided that the Twin Bonanza would be the best replacement for the Travelairs and Barons, and initially bought a B50 Twin Bonanza

with the lowest rated 260 hp Lycoming engines. When thoroughly satisfied with the performance of this one, I then bought three D50s using the slightly higher

powered 290hp engines. Finally, as our confidence developed, we went to the E50, with 340 hp GSSO 480. All of these aircraft gave us wonderful service and no

trouble related to the high performance of the engines. But we were very particular about our pilot training and discipline and our engineering maintenance and

overhaul. It was essential that we had a rear cargo door and a front passenger door, they already had a big nose locker. I had to buy them second-hand and have the

rear airstairs door installed in USA by Swearingen Aircraft."

The Connellan airframe modifications were to cause delivery delays during the Australian certification inspections by Beech agents Hawker DeHavilland Australia at Sydney as each Connellan Twin Bonanza was ferried from America. The Australian Department of Civil Aviation approval process for aircraft modifications was exacting, particularly for Regular Public Transport category. But the Connellan Twin Bonanzas were approved and gave excellent service in the Australian Outback.

Beech 50 models:

Model	Year introduced	Engine HP
A50	1953	260	Lycoming GO-435
B50	1954	260	Lycoming GO-435
C50	1955	275	Lycoming GO-480-F6
D50	1956	295	Lycoming GO-480-G2F6
E50	1957	340	Lycoming GSO-480-A1A6 supercharged
G50	1958	340	Lycoming GSO-480-A1A6 supercharged extra fuel tankage for additional range
H50	1959	340	Lycoming GSO-480-A1A6
J50	1960	340	Lycoming GSO-480-A1B6 Extra cabin windows, restyled nose

This listing is presented in order of appearance on the Australian Civil Register:

BEECH B50 c/n CH-24 VH-CLA, VH-CDE

3.54	Built at Wichita Kansas by Beech Aircraft Corporation
	Registered N3565B
	Reported as N565B in a Beech Twin Bonanza history and Air Britain Commonwealth Aviation News January 1960 but has been confirmed incorrect
.58	Imported by Australian Beech agents Ron Howitt t/a Aviation Sales Ltd, Sydney for Connellan Airways, Alice Springs NT
9.58	Aviation Sales Ltd requested DCA reserve registration VH-CBA for the Twin Bonanza but Eddie Connellan requests VH-CLA instead. On 2.10.58 Howitt cabled DCA advising of the change but requesting VH-CBA be reserved for a Beech D18S they are importing. (No D18S was imported in that time frame and VH-CBA was not used)
25.9.58	Departed San Francisco CA on ferry flight to Australia, pilot Bryan Monkton (airline pilot and founder of Trans Oceanic Airways, Sydney). Routed Honolulu, Canton Island, Nandi, Noumea to Sydney. Total flight time 48 hrs 45 mins.
5.10.58	Arrived Sydney on delivery. Australian certification inspection at Bankstown.
13.10.58	Australian Registration Application: Connellan Airways Ltd, Alice Springs NT Application written and signed by E.J.Connellan, Governing Director.
10.58	Eddie Connellan departed Bankstown immediately the inspection was completed, flying on the US export CofA. He flew to Melbourne, then Alice Springs
16.10.58	DCA NSW Region memo: airworthy from this date
17.10.58	Registered VH-CLA
17.10.58	Australian CofA issued
	Flown by Eddie Connellan for performance checks at Connellan's Narrietooma Homestead airstrip, measuring takeoff and landing distances
13.2.60	VH-CLA noted Moorabbin, no titles
23.3.60	Change of ownership: Australian Blue Metal Ltd, Sydney NSW
5.60	Reregistered VH-CDE
10.12.60	Tail damaged near Richmond NSW: DCA accident report: "In the course of a low level run along a river, the aircraft collided with power transmission cables which demolished the fin and rudder, but sufficient control was still available for the aircraft to return to the airport."
31.7.62	Change of ownership: Skyways (Australia) Pty Ltd, Melbourne-Moorabbin Vic
9.62	Arrived Moorabbin on delivery to Skyways (Australia) Pty Ltd. Blue & white colour scheme. Skyways had been using Aero Commander VH-ELH on lease from E.L.Heymanson (agents) flown by a Heymanson pilot pending delivery of the Twin Bonanza
3.1.63	noted Morwell Vic
5.5.63	noted Moorabbin, "Skyways Australia' titles
27.5.65	arrived Sydney Airport on visit from Moorabbin
13.10.66	noted at Moorabbin "Nicholas Skyways" titles and gold "N" on tail
4.12.67	Came to rest on its belly at Moorabbin when pilot retracted the undercarriage during the landing roll instead of flap. Arrival from Mildura on air ambulance contract flight. The "Nicholas Skyways" titles were painted over before the aircraft was moved away by a crane the following morning.
23.10.69	Change of ownership: Nicholas Skyways Pty Ltd, Moorabbin Vic
18.11.70	Change of ownership: Air Oasis Pty Ltd, Adelaide SA Associate company of SAATAS
.70/71	Operated by: SA and Territory Air Services - SAATAS, Adelaide SA
1.71	Moorabbin report: Nicholas Skyways have exchanged Twin Bonanza VH-CDE with SAATAS for Cessna 310G VH-RCJ which is now based here, and is adorned with Air Ambulance insignia for its use on ambulance contract. Twin Bonanza VH-SKY is here with Nicholas Skyways markings.
11.4.71	noted at Adelaide Airport
12.12.71	noted at Adelaide Airport, "SAATAS" titles, based here.
4.1.73	Struck-off Register as "unserviceable"
25.12.74	Damaged while parked at Darwin by Cyclone Tracy
13.6.75	Restored to Register: Gordon R. Forrest, Canberra ACT
21.7.75	Struck-off Register at owner's request
28.11.75	Restored to Register: G. R. Forrest, Canberra ACT
2.6.76	Struck-off Register at owner's request
11.9.76	noted at Parkes NSW, parked outside
3.2.77	Restored to Register: G. R. Forrest, Canberra ACT
4.4.77	Change of ownership: John W. Hogan, Canberra ACT
1.78	noted at Canberra, operational, blue & white paint scheme
4.4.78	noted at Canberra
27.7.78	Damaged in accident Canberra ACT
20.11.80	noted at Canberra, operational, same blue & white paint scheme
31.3.81	Struck-off Register
26.7.83	Restored to Register: John W. Hogan, Canberra ACT
9.1.85	noted at Bankstown
8.1.88	noted at Canberra, faded paintwork
7.3.96	noted at Canberra
.00	Loaned to Australia's Museum of Flight, Nowra Naval Air Station NSW Reportedly in taxiable condition when acquired by the museum. Displayed complete inside the museum hangar.
9.06	Australia's Museum of Flight forced to close due to a Royal Australian Navy policy change for the museum faciliies to revert to their former role as the RAN Fleet Air Arm Museum. Civilian aircraft and displays were removed
08	VH-CDE stored in a compound on Nowra NAS, outer wings removed,paint badly faded. Stripped RAAF Meteor also in compound.
	Currently registered to J.W.Hogan, Canberra

VH-CLA at Moorabbin 13 February 1960, after delivery from Alice Springs. Bob Neate collection

Moorabbin 1962, now re-registered VH-CDE with Skyways Australia titles. Photo by Barrie Colledge

Moorabbin May 1963. Photo by Geoff Goodall

Moorabbin 1964. Photo by Roger McDonald

Moorabbin October 1966, with Nicholas Skyways titles. John Hopton Collection

Moorabbin 4 December 1966, when the undercarriage retracted on landing. Photo by Peter Limon

Darwin NT June 1971 in service with SAATAS. Photo by Robert Zweck

Darwin NT in December 1974, after it was damaged by Cyclone Tracy. Photo by David Molesworth via John Hopton Collection

Canberra ACT November 1980. Photo by Trevor Boughton

BEECH D50 c/n DH-53 VH-EWT, VH-UNB, VH-CLM

.56	Built at Wichita Kansas by Beech Aircraft Corporation
57/58	CF-ACL Field Aviation, Oshawa Ontario Demonstrator with Field Aviation, who were Beech dealers
.58	Nose gear collapsed, quickly repaired. Offered for sale by Field Aviation
1.59	CF-ACL was inspected at Oshawa by East West Airlines’ engineer Robert Hempell. He had been sent to North America to inspect Twin Bonanzas and purchase the best example within a price limit.
	East West Airlines decided that the Beech 50 was best suited to allow it to submit an effective tender for a 3 year rain-making contract offered by Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Organisation (CSIRO). EWA had already been experimenting with rain-making with one of their Lockheed Hudsons which had been replaced by a DC-3.
	Bob Hempell later wrote in the book East West Eagles: “My first sighting and introduction to D50 Twin Bonanza Serial Number DH-53 at Oshawa aerodrome was an exhilarating experience, which I tried my best to disguise. It was similar to a sweetheart meeting. The more I looked around that flying machine, interior and exterior, the tighter my fingers crossed, hoping that the overall specifications, compliances and inspection records were 100 percent. They sure were, down to the tyre treads. Total time since new airframe, engines, propellers was about 350 hours. The aircraft has never been in customer service. As a demonstrator model, Field Aviation had caressed it since delivery from the factory.”
1.59	Purchased by East West Airlines, Tamworth NSW. Delivery to Australia to be arranged by Field Aviation using an experienced ferry company.
12.2.59	Australian Registration Application: East West Airlines Ltd, Tamworth NSW
3.3.59	Registered VH-EWT
16.3.59	Planned departure date from Canada on ferry flight to Australia
.59	VH-EWT arrived Sydney Airport on delivery from Canada, flown by a US ferry pilot
5.59	Pilot training flights at Tamworth
25.5.59	Flown Tamworth-Sydney for radio testing prior to issue of CofA
29.5.59	Demonstrations to CSIRO and press at Tamworth following installation of silver iodide burners under the wings for cloud seeding.
11.6.59	Australian CofA issued. Airframe total time 876 hours
	DCA reviewed airworthiness aspects of the autopilot system, radios, weights and balance, propellers and flight performance. Lengthy correspondence between the Department and EWA on these topics.
9.4.60	visited airshow at Gunnedah NSW
11.60	VH-EWT was based at Sydney Airport on rain-making operations for CSIRO while their two Cessna 310s VH-REK & REL were out of service undergoing annual CofA renewal inspections
11.6.64	Change of ownership: United Air Pty Ltd, Flight Facilities Terminal, Sydney Airport
11.6.64	Reregistered VH-UNB
22.6.64	VH-EWT noted departing Sydney Airport on a charter flight to Forster NSW, still painted as VH-EWT but with United Air titles.
22.7.64	VH-EWT noted landing at Sydney Airport, reported at the time as its last flight before registration was repainted
10.8.64	VH-UNB visited Wagga NSW on a charter from Sydney. Blue and white with red trim
11.64	VH-UNB noted at Sydney Airport, in service with United Air
6.4.65	Change of ownership: Connellan Airways Ltd, Alice Springs NT
8.6.65	Reregistered VH-CLM
	Freight door and passenger airstair door installed at Bankstown by Hawker De Havilland Australia (Beech agents) prior to delivery to Alice Springs
21.10.65	CofA renewed at Bankstown after overhaul and modifications
29.10.65	VH-CLM departed Bankstown on delivery to Alice Springs. Reportedly several months behind scheduled delivery because of delays with certification of the modifications
11.65	Aeronautical engineer Newton D. Hodgekiss was engaged by Eddie Connellan to carry out an analysis of seating arrangements in VH-CLM.
5.2.66	Minor damage due partial retraction of undercarriage on landing at Alice Springs Airport. Ferried to Connellan’s maintenance base at Townsite Aerodrome for repairs.
1.3.66	Re-entered service with Connellan Airways after repairs
2.11.66	Propeller struck a fuel pump at Wave Hill NT. Operating Connellan Airways Flight 1228 Katherine-Victoria River Downs-Wave Hill-Hooker River-Alice Springs, pilot B. Robinson
2.5.70	Ferried Alice Springs-Adelaide-Sydney on delivery to Jetair
3.5.70	Change of ownership: Jetair Australia Ltd, Sydney Twin Bonanzas VH-CLM & CLO were exchanged with Jetair in return for Beech Queenair VH-CMI.
7.70	noted at Bankstown
19.9.70	noted at Bankstown
3.10.70	Change of ownership: A. G. Wilson t/a Outback Services Pty Ltd, Adelaide SA
7.11.70	noted at Parafield SA
6.3.71	noted at Darwin NT
11.3.71	minor damage at Darwin
6.71	based at Darwin
7.71	DCA were advised that Outback Services Pty Ltd had ceased operations and the company was being liquidated. A ferry permit was requested for pilot K. Lewis to ferry VH-CLM Darwin-Parafield.
7.8.71	noted at Parafield with outback Services markings on tail painted over; also 21.8.71
1.10.71	Change of ownership: Custom Factors Pty Ltd, Adelaide SA
25.3.72	noted at Parafield
19.5.72	noted at Essendon, now based here on a daily freight service to King Island
23.5.72	Change of ownership: S. R. Smith, Currie, King Island, Tasmania (also VH-CLN)
31.1.73	minor damage at King Island
6.7.73	noted at Essendon
18.5.74	noted at Moorabbin
13.5.75	minor damage at King Island
75	Ben Dannecker, pilot on Setair DC-3 freighters loading meat from the King Island abattoir, recalls “I used to see CLM departing King Island with a heavy load of sheep skins, just making it off the runway, often in difficult weather.”
8.11.75	noted at Essendon, no titles
14.11.75	Change of ownership: E. P. Fitzgerald, Coolamon NSW (also VH-CLN)
29.9.77	Change of ownership: Jetway Construction Pty Ltd, Sydney NSW (also VH-CLN)
1.78	noted at Bankstown
6.4.78	Change of ownership: Jetway Aviation Pty Ltd, Sydney (same address)
6.4.79	Change of ownership: Mrs. M. J. Bennett, Cairns Qld
	Withdrawn from service at Cairns Qld
14.11.81	Struck-off Register at owner’s request
3.84	noted at Cairns, derelict in storage yard behind Helitrans hangar

VH-EWT over Tamworth 1959. Photo EWA via Ben Dannecker collection

Tamworth 1959, with rain-making burners on wingtips. Photo EWA via Roger McDonald collection

VH-EWT at Sydney Airport June 1964 with "Special Projects Division" on fuselage from its days on rain-making with East West Airlines.

A few days later it was reregistered VH-UNB with new owner United Air. Photo by Greg Banfield

VH-UNB at Wagga NSW in August 1964, on a United Air charter from Sydney. Photo by Bob Neate

VH-CLM at Bankstown October 1965 awaiting delivery to Cnnellan Airways. Geoff Goodall collection

Bankstown March 1970, with Jetair, one of their Bristol Freighters behind. Photo by Ron Cuskelly

Retired and stripped for parts at Cairns Airport in March 1984. Photo by Geoff Goodall

BEECH D50A c/n DH-197 VH-SKY

11.58	Built at Wichita Kansas by Beech Aircraft Corporation
	Registered N260A
63	N260A National Financing Inc, Wilmington Delaware
64	N260A Executive Aircraft Service Inc, Redbird Airport, Dallas. Texas
	Re-registered N201EA
.65	Purchased in USA for Skyways Australia
13.7.65	Registered VH-SKY Skyways (Australia) Pty Ltd, Melbourne-Moorabin Vic
20.7.65	noted at Moorabbin. Cream and bronze with dark brown and orange trim. Titles “Nicholas – Skyways” in gold on fuselage and the Nicholas “N” on the fin.
7.2.66	noted at Moorabbin, "Nicholas Skyways" titles, gold "N" on fin
22.7.65	noted at Moorabbin, plate: DH-197 built 11.58.
28.7.65	noted at Moorabbin "Nicholas Skyways" titles, gold "N" on fin
14.8.65	Arrived Adelaide Airport from Moorabbin on loan to SA Air Taxis, flew charters for SAAT then returned to Moorabbin 18.8.65
1.1.66	noted at Moorabbin, "Nicholas Skyways" titles, gold "N" on fin
13.3.66	noted at Nhill on charter from Moorabbin
26.11.68	noted at Moorabbin
23.10.69	Transferred to: Nicholas Air Charter Pty Ltd, Moorabbin Vic
1.71	Moorabbin report: Twin Bonanza VH-SKY is based here with Nicholas Skyways markings. Nicholas Skyways have exchanged Twin Bonanza VH-CDE with SAATAS for Cessna 310G VH-RCJ, which is now based here, and is adorned with Air Ambulance insignia for its use on ambulance contract.
9.72	Leased to Masling Commuter Services Pty Ltd, Cootamundra NSW
9.72	Delivered to Cootamundra
9.3.73	Change of ownership: Masling Commuter Services Pty Ltd, Cootamundra NSW
20.4.72	noted at Sydney Airport, in service with Masling Airlines, "Masling" titles
5.73	noted at Sydney Airport "Masling" titles
23.8.73	Damaged in accident Moruya NSW
10.73	noted at Sydney Airport, "Maslings" titles, in service
28.8.75	noted at Williamtown NSW, "Masling" titles
28.1.77	noted at Cootamundra, Masling triangle emblem on tail, "Masling" on fuselage
11.2.78	noted at Sydney Airport, Masling triangle emblem on tail but no titles
21.8.78	Change of ownership: Kencan Pty Ltd, Sydney NSW
1.79	noted at Bankstown
13.2.80	Change of ownership: Rex Aviation Ltd, Sydney-Bankstown NSW
26.8.80	Change of ownership: E. W. Phillips, Innisfail Qld
3.82	noted at Townsville Qld, in service, no titles
3.11.83	noted at Townsville Qld, stripped of parts
3.9.84	Struck-off Register
19.8.04	VH-SKY noted at Bankstown in hangar in rebuild jig, very poor condition

VH-SKY at Swan Hill, Vic in May 1967 with Nicholas Skyways. Photo by Geoff Goodall

Sydney April 1973, an early morning Masling Airlines passenger departure. Photo by Chris O'Neill

Townsville Qld in March 1982, in an attractive paint scheme. Photo by Michael Austin

Retired at Townsville November 1983, stripped of engines and parts. Photo by Geoff Goodall

BEECH D50B c/n DH-232 VH-RCN

9.59	Built at Wichita Kansas by Beech Aircraft Corporation
	Registered N202LS
63	N202LS Lone Star Brewery Co, San Antonio Texas
64	N202LS Executive Aircraft Service Inc, Redbird Airport, Dallas Texas
	Reregistered N202EA
28.6.65	N202EA arrived Sydney Airport from Norfolk Island on last leg of its delivery flight from USA. Plate DH-232 built 9.59.
28.6.65	After clearing Customs, N202EA flown Sydney-Tamworth for Australian certification and modifications by East West Airlines
21.7.65	Registered VH-RCN South Australian Air Taxis Pty Ltd, Adelaide-West Beach SA
21.7.65	VH-RCN departed Tamworth for Darwin on delivery to SAATAS, flown by SAATAS Genral Manager Richard Cavill.
12.65	SAATAS moved VH-RCN's base from Darwin to Adelaide
8.6.66	Ferried Adelaide-Essendon-Moorabbin to join Nicholas Skyways' fleet based at Moorabbin (associated company to SAATAS). Plates: DH-232, N202EA and N202LS.
4.9.67	noted Moorabbin
13.12.67	Damaged Moorabbin when pilot retracted the undercarriage during the landing roll instead of flap.
29.8.68	Transferred to: SA and Territory Air Services (SAATAS) Pty Ltd, Adelaide
26.11.68	noted Moorabbin
19.10.70	Crashed destroyed Moorabbin Vic. Collided with Bell 47G VH-BLM while inbound to Moorabbin, both crashed. 2 occupants of Twin Bonanza were killed
19.10.70	Struck-off Register

VH-RCN at Adelaide Airport in March 1966, with SAATAS titles. Photo by Geoff Goodall

BEECH D50A c/n DH-158 VH-CLO

.57	Built at Wichita Kansas by Beech Aircraft Corporation
	Registered N397B
63/64	N397B registered to: Allied Properties, San Francisco, California
	Purchased in USA for Connellan Airways, Alice Springs NT
20.9.65	Registered VH-CLO Connellan Airways Ltd, Alice Springs NT
5.1.68	Noted at Darwin, Connellan Airways titles
13.3.70	Change of ownership: Jetair Australia Ltd, Sydney NSW Twin Bonanzas VH-CLM & CLO were exchanged with Jetair in return for Beech Queenair VH-CMI.
14.3.70	noted at Bankstown
21.3.70	noted at Bankstown, still Connellan Airways blue & white paint scheme, but no titles
4.70	Operated by Westernair, Brisbane Qld
18.6.70	noted at Bankstown, by now repainted in Jetair’s purple colour scheme, no titles
20.9.70	noted at Bankstown
11.70	Jetair ceased operations
12.12.70	noted at Bankstown, purple scheme, no titles
22.12.70	Change if ownership: Hockey Treloar, Sydney NSW
10.8.71	noted at Bankstown
11.9.71	noted at Mascot
20.2.72	noted at Mascot, red and white paint scheme
11.3.72	arrived Perth-Jandakot WA from Sydney, departed on return next day
5.72	noted at Mascot
3.3.74	noted at Bankstown, red and white
29.3.74	Change of ownership: Second Karon Manufacturing Pty Ltd, Melbourne Vic, Operated by: Peninsula Air Services, Moorabbin Airport, Melbourne
7.74	noted at Moorabbin, yellow and white, “Peninsula Air Services” titles, also 3.8.74, 22.2.75
26.7.75	noted at Moorabbin, “Peninsula Air Services” titles, also 28.3.76, 13.9.76
13.9.76	noted at Moorabbin, parked outside PAS hangar, also 19.9.76
6.11.78	noted at Broken Hill NSW
10.80	noted at Moorabbin
11.80	noted at Moorabbin, “CSIRO Atmospheric Research” titles
4.82	noted at Essendon, based here
24.6.82	Change of ownership: PAS Investments Pty Ltd, Melbourne-Essendon Vic, Operated by Peninsula Air Services, Essendon
24.10.82	noted at Moorabbin, parked outside PAS hangar, blue and white, with titles “CSIRO Atmospheric Research”
8.84	noted at Moorabbin, flying
5.9.84	noted at Essendon, pale blue and white
28.4.85	noted at Archerfleld Qld, same blue and white, titles “Ramblers Sport Parachute Club”
2.4.87	Change of ownership: I. T. Hunter, Brisbane Qld
10.5.87	noted at Archerfield, same pale blue and white
13.8.88	A parachutist died when her main parachute failed to deploy correctly after jumping from VH-CLO at Toogoolawah. 7 parachutists and 2 instructors plus pilot were on board.
11.10.89	Change of ownership: D. E. McEvoy, Brisbane & Toogoolawah Qld
12.9.94	noted at Toogoolawah Qld
21.8.96	noted at Archerfield, “Ramblers Parachute Centre” titles
1.8.04	noted at Mackay Qld
2.05	Advertised for sale: Only Twin Bonanza flying in Australia. A collector’s item, versatile power. Warbird, used in Vietnam. Great for airshows. Lots of spares. As is, where is, Toogoolawah Qld. Quoted as D50B built 1957, very good condition, all white. Total airframe time 8775 hrs
26.8.07	noted at Toogoolawah Qld
29.8.10	noted at Toogoolawah Qld, in hangar, titles “Ramblers Parachute Centre - Skydive”. Now used only as a back-up to the Cessna 208 Caravan jump-ship
15.12.14	Struck-off Register as sold to Philippines

VH-CLO at Bankstown 21 March 1970, still in Connellan Airways scheme. Photo by Roger McDonald

Bankstown June 1970, now in Jetair's purple colour scheme. Photo by Roger McDonald

Sydney Airport, February 1972 in a new red paint scheme. Photo by Ron Cuskelly

Moorabbin August 1974 with Peninsula Air Services. Photo by Roger McDonald

Moorabbin, October 1982, CSIRO Atmospheric Research titles. Photo by Roger McDonald

Archerfield Qld, May 1987. Photo by Geoff Goodall

VH-CLO has been used for parachuting, based at the skydiving airstrip at Toogoolawah Qld for the past twenty years. Seen there on 29 August 2010.
This and photo below both taken by Nigel Daw

BEECH D50 c/n DH-19 VH-CLN

.56	Built at Wichita Kansas by Beech Aircraft Corporation
	Registered N4962B
63/65	N4962B Florida Airmotive Sales Inc, Fort Lauderdale FL
	Reregistered N613F
	Purchased in USA for Connellan Airways, Alice Springs NT
13.1.65	N613F arrived Bankstown after clearing Customs at Sydney Airport following delivery flight from USA
17.1.65	N613F flew Bankstown-Alice Springs
2.65	N613F noted at Bankstown
8.12.65	Registered VH-CLN Connellan Airways Ltd, Alice Springs NT
8.2.66	minor damage when nosewheel bogged in soft ground at Legune NT. Ferried back to Alice Springs 1.3.66 after temporary repairs at Legune.
10.12.67	VH-CLN noted Darwin, "Connellan Airways" titles
3.70	Leased from Connellan by Jetair Australia, Sydney
11.70	Returned to Connellan by Jetair
19.11.70	Change of name: Connair Pty Ltd, Alice Springs NT
3.1.71	noted at Mount Isa, Qld on Connair service. "Connellan Airways" titles.
3.3.71	noted at Darwin
21.3.73	Change of ownership: S. R. Smith, Grassy, King Island Vic
6.5.73	noted at Moorabbin, Conellan Airways blue & white scheme and titles
5.7.73	noted at Essendon, still "Connellan Airways" titles but based Moorabbin with CLM. Both used to transport freight from King island to Melbourne
15.7.73	noted at Essendon, Connellan titles
9.73	noted at Moorabbin
3.74	noted at Moorabbin
3.74	noted at Tooradin Vic, same blue & white scheme but Connellan titles painted over
14.4.74	noted at Morwell Vic
26.7.75	noted at Moorabbin, no titles
14.11.75	Change of ownership: E. P. Fitzgerald, Coolamon NSW
28.9.77	Change of ownership: Jetway Construction Pty Ltd, Sydney
1.78	noted at Bankstown
23.3.78	Change of ownership: Jetway Aviation Pty Ltd, Sydney (same address)
20.5.78	noted at Bankstown
2.6.78	Struck-off Register as withdrawn from service
3.80	noted at Bankstown, derelict
27.8.86	Twin Bonanza marked "BTN-RFF" noted at Bankstown as instructional airframe for Bankstown Rescue & Fire Fighting section. Has been marked as such for several years and is almost certainly VH-CLN.

N613F at Bankstown in 1965 prior to Australian certification as VH-CLN. Photo by Bob Neate

VH-CLN at Mount Isa Qld January 1971, on a Connellan Airways service. Photo by Mike Madden

Tooradin Vic in March 1974 with a new owner at King Island in Bass Strait. Photo by Mike Madden

BEECH E50 c/n EH-67 VH-CLQ

.57	Built at Wichita Kansas by Beech Aircraft Corporation
	Registered N124PA
63	N124PA Naylor Aviation Inc, Clinton, Missouri
64	N124PA Appliance Buyers Credit Corp, St Joseph, Michigan
28.12.65	N124PA arrived Alice Springs at end of ferry flight from USA. Plate: E50 EH-67.
3.1.66	N124PA arrived Sydney-Bankstown from Alice Springs for Australian certification inspection by Hawker De Havilland (Beech agents)
11.2.66	noted Bankstown being painted as VH-CLQ
23.2.66	Registered VH-CLQ Connellan Airways Ltd, Alice Springs NT
20.4.66	Arrived Alice Springs on delivery from Bankstown. Brown & white with blue trim.
16.12.69	Damaged Inverway Station NT in wheels-up landing due mechanical failure.
25.2.70	Minor damage in accident Katherine NT
24.4.70	Crashed Kenners Rock NT, 42 miles south of Alice Springs. Badly damaged during wheels-up forced landing due engine failure. Pilot R. Bennett unhurt.
24.4.70	DCA accident report found that after a vibration commenced at 4,000 feet the pilot decided to return to Alice Springs. While attempting to isolate the source of the vibration by checking magnetos, carburetor heat and cutting each engine by use of the fuel mixture controls, the pilot lost considerable height. After maintaining 500 feet above the ground, the aircraft began to lose height and the pilot transmitted a "Mayday" radio call then landed straight ahead, with wheels and flaps retracted, amongst scattered small trees. The cause of the vibration was not identified.
4.5.70	Damaged aircraft arrived by truck at Alice Springs. After inspection it was declared an insurance write-off.
8.7.70	Struck-off Register
18.8.70	noted in a Connellan Airways hangar at Alice Springs. Dismantled damaged airframe having seating and parts removed.
30.7.74	Stripped hulk of VH-CLQ noted on airport fire dump at Alice Springs

VH-CLQ at Alice Springs in August 1970, after its accident . Photo by Robert Zweck

VH-CLQ ended its days on the fire practice ground on Alice Springs Airport. Photo: Civil Aviation Historical Society

BEECH E50 c/n EH-18 VH-CLP

.57	Built at Wichita Kansas by Beech Aircraft Corporation
	Registered N410F
	N410F not listed US Civil Register 1963/64/66
	N410F delivered from USA to Sydney. Australian certification inspection by Hawker De Havilland at Sydney-Bankstown
29.1.66	N410F noted Bankstown in Hawker De Havilland hangar. panels removed for inspection
11.2.66	N410F noted Bankstown at Hawker De Havilland hangar, being repainted as VH-CLP
30.3.66	Registered VH-CLP Connellan Airways Ltd, Alice Springs NT
10.12.67	VH-CLP noted Darwin, "Connellan Airways" titles
13.11.68	Damaged on landing at Katherine NT with undercarriage retracted due mechanical failure.
20.2.69	Minor damage in accident Oenpeli NT
19.11.70	Change of company name to Connair Pty Ltd, Alice Springs NT
1.72	noted at Darwin, yellow & white, "Connair" titles
3.11.72	Minor damage in accident Timber Creek NT
17.11.72	Minor damage in accident Timber Creek NT
20.7.73	noted at Darwin, yellow & white, "Connair" titles
30.7.74	noted Alice Springs
1.76	Ferried Alice Springs-Bankstown on sale
18.1.76	noted Bankstown
20.1.76	Change of ownership: Sopac Aviation Pty Ltd, Sydney NSW
1.76	noted at Bankstown
2.76	noted at Bankstown, yellow, white and metallic
10.3.76	noted Mascot
3.76	noted at Essendon
1.9.76	noted Bankstown, yellow and white, no titles
.78	Leased by Geometrics International Corporation, Sydney NSW. A magnetometer with towed "bird" on a cable and winch were installed for a survey contract in WA.
2.2.79	Transferred to: Falcon & Sopac Transport Pty Ltd, Sydney NSW Operated as: Fast Airways, Bankstown NSW
	retired Cessnock NSW
6.10.81	Struck-off Register
.82	Purchased for parts use by Brenton Miller/Skytours, Adelaide SA. Acquired for the engines and systems as spares for Skytours' Beech QueenAir
5.2.82	Arrived by truck at Parafield from Cessnock.
6.2.82	VH-CLP noted at Parafield
6.82	noted at Parafield
29.5.83	noted Parafield as a stripped hulk, parked in back grass area with retired Skytours Queenair VH-CFI
7.83	rear fuselage section still dumped at Cesnock
10.83	Struck-off Register
10.84	noted Parafield as a stripped hulk
	Sold as scrap

N410F Bankstown in January 1966. Photo by Dave Eyre

VH-CLP at Darwin NT in December 1967, with same paint scheme it wore on delivery from USA. Geoff Goodall collection

Darwin January 1972, repainted in Connair's yellow, white & green scheme. Photo by Mike Madden

VH-CLP at Bankstown February 1976, soon after arrival from Alice Springs. Photo by Chris O'Neill

Bankstown August 1976 now in sevice with SOPAC with a new paint scheme. Photo by Roger McDonald

VH-CLP at Parafield MAy 1983 as a parts source for Airtours, alongside their retired Queenair VH-CFI. Photo by Geoff Goodall

BEECH G50 c/n GH-114 VH-KPB

.59	Built at Wichita Kansas by Beech Aircraft Corporation
	Registered N6011
63/64	N6011 E. C.Hall Construction Co, Portland, Oregon
2.66	Second-hand import by Australian Beech agents Hawker De Havilland Pty Ltd, Sydney for Kevron Photographics, Perth. Delivered by air from USA.
19.2.66	N6011 first noted Bankstown. Red and white scheme. Plate GH-114
20.3.66	Kevron Photographics' Cessna 185 VH-KPA arrived Bankstown from Perth bringing pilot to collect the Twin Bonanza
29.3.66	VH-KPB noted at Bankstown
22.4.66	VH-KPB noted at Archerfield, having maintenance in Rex hangar
7.4.66	Registered VH-KPB Kevron Photographics Pty Ltd, Perth-Jandakot WA
15.11.66	noted at Bankstown
16.11.66	noted at Bankstown
11.66	noted at Moorabbin together with Kevron's Cessna 185 KPA
24.11.66	noted at Essendon, red & white scheme with black trim
28.11.66	noted at Essendon
29.11.66	noted at Adelaide, stayed overnight then to Parafield next morning
10.12.66	noted at Jandakot, reported as "finally arrived"
25.12.66	noted at Jandakot
14.2.67	noted at Perth Airport
19.2.67	noted at Perth Airport
27.2.67	noted Perth Airport
27.3.67	noted at Jandakot
9.10.67	noted Derby WA
20.12.67	noted at Perth Airport
10.3.68	noted at Perth Airport
12.68	noted at Jandakot
28.5.69	noted at Jandakot
11.10.69	noted at Jandakot
31.1.70	noted at Jandakot, in Agricultural General Aviation hangar being resprayed white with blue trim
7.2.70	noted at Jandakot, new white scheme
9.10.70	noted at Kalgoorlie WA
6.9.71	noted at Jandakot
71-75	noted at Jandakot on numerous occasions
10.11.74	visited Beverley WA for airshow
10.10.75	noted at Jandakot
29.11.75	noted at Jandakot, white & blue scheme no titles
30.9.77	noted at Canberra
29.6.78	noted at Darwin, arrived and departed
4.7.78	noted at Darwin
28.12.80	noted at Jandakot, same white and blue scheme, fitted with red rudder from Kevron's Queenair VH-CTE
3.81	noted at Jandakot
	Retired at Jandakot, stripped for parts
4.8.82	Struck-off Register

VH-KPB at Essendon in November 1966 in original red & white paint scheme. John Hopton Collection

Jandakot February 1970, repainted white with blue trim. Photo by Geoff Goodall

Jandakot December 1980, demonstrating interchangability of parts between Beech types: Beech 50 is fitted with the rudder of Kevron Photographics'
Beech 65 Queenair VH-CTE. Photo by Roger McDonald

BEECH D50C c/n DH-295 P2-MEX, VH-MEC

.60	Built at Wichita Kansas by Beech Aircraft Corporation
	Registered N9316Y
63	N9316Y Decker Enterprises Inc, Ralston, Nebraska
64	N9316Y Duncan Corporation, Tarkio, Missouri
65	N9316Y William H. Bird/ Bird & Sons Inc, San Francisco CA and Laos
	Bird & Sons Inc was a San Francisco heavy construction company operating in South Vietnam and Laos building roads and airfields. Since 1959 company owner William H.Bird had established a company air division in Laos, initially to support of the construction projects but also contracted to US Government agencies including the CIA. Bird & Sons Inc operated a large fleet of C-46s, C-47s, Lockheed PV-2s, Twin Pioneers, Pilatus Porters, Helio Couriers, Dornier Do28s and Bell UH-1Ds, flying with US and Laotian registrations. Bird & Sons provided the same range of para-military operations as the CIA's AIr America and the two regularly worked together. During 1964 Bill Bird sold his air division to Continental Airlines in USA, which formed a SE Asian subsidiary Continental Air Services inc (CASI) as a contractor to US agencies in the Vietnam War zone, much of it clandestine. The sale contract had a non-compete clause that precluded Bird from operating another aviation company in Laos for a set period. When that time expired, Bird formed a new operation Bird Air, based at Vientiane, Bsngkok and later Singapore-Seletar.
7.12.65	N9316Y refuelled at RAF Sharjah during delivery flight from USA to Laos. Plate: DH-295 built 1960
c67	Leased to Laos Air Development (LAD), Vientiane. LAD was a front for William Bird to continue limited charter work in Laos, and also had a Cessna 182.
c67	Photo shows N9316Y repainted as XW-PNC, apparently not an official Lao allocation. Returned to N9316Y
6.9.70	N9316Y noted at Bangkok-Don Muang, visitor
3.6.71	N9316Y noted at Bangkok-Don Muang, visitor
.74	William H. Bird was President of a new operation Bird Air, Bangkok
.74	Bird Air operated C-130 Hercules on loan from the US Air Force on military contract work in SE Asia and participated in the evacuation of former Hmonng guerrilla troops in Laos. Bird Air also helped maintain the air bridge to Phnom Penh when cut off by Communist forces, flying supplies daily from U-Tapao air base Thailand to Phnom Penh during February-March 1975 until the day before Cambodia fell. The C-130s were flown by former USAF civilian pilots recruited by Bird Air..
4.74	N9316Y noted at Vietiane-Wattay Airport, parked in Bird Air compound
.74	Photo shows N9316Y at Pochentong Airport, Phnom Penh, Cambodia, reportedly being operated at that time for Cambodair. It was parked on a crowded tarmac with many civilian propeller transports operating the humanitarian airlift of food and supplies into Cambodia (Khmer Republic) against advancing Communist attack.
4.75	N9316Y took part in evacuating personnel before the fall of Saigon to Viet Cong troops. Reported that N9316Y was the last allied departure out of Tan Son Nhut Airport, Saigon on the last day of evacuations, with 12 CIA agents packed on board.
4.75	Ferried from South Vietnam to Bangkok by Bird Air pilot Herry Rhein
75	Bird Air moved its base to Singapore-Seletar, operating 3 Douglas DC-6Bs on freight charters within SE Asia and carrying live cattle to the Arabian Gulf
.75	N9317Y ferried Bangkok to Singapore-Seletar by Bird Air pilot Fred Compton
11.9.75	N9316Y noted Seletar, parked with three Bird Air DC-6Bs
21.7.80	N9316Y noted Seletar, parked under wing of the one remaining Bird Air DC-6B N54CA
19.8.81	N9316Y noted Seletar
c84	A report from Adelaide stated that aircraft ground engineer Jock Williams had acquired N9316Y in Singapore and intended shipping it to Adelaide to rebuild at Parafield Airport SA.
-	Purchased in Singapore by Peter Barter/ Madang Resort, Madang TPNG Barter had been a Talair Twin Otter pilot who left to enter the tourism business at Madang where he operated a hotel. He was a member of PNG Parliament and later Governor of Madang and was knighted as Sir Peter.
-	N9316Y ferried from Singapore to Madang, still in Bird Air blue & white scheme. Veteran ferry pilot Bryan McCook took a circuitous route, probably to avoid Indonesian ports where he had encountered problems on previous ferry flights: Seletar-Kota Kinabalu-Davao-Palau-Momote (Manus Island)-Madang.
	Airframe logbook for N9316Y had been re-written prior to sale by Bird Air. Paul Howard, Talair Traffic Manager inspected the logs at Nadzab and recalls that they were written in neat continuous handwriting, obviously all at the same time in the one person's handwriting. Only sector hours and dates were recorded, not the origin/destination of each flight.
.87	Registered P2-MEX The registration was requested because Barter owned a ship Melanesian Explorer
12.9.92	noted at Goroka, no titles
11.92	by now painted with "Niugini Exploration Cruises" titles
18.3.93	noted Rabaul
.93	Change of ownership: Peter Sharpe/ Golden Kumul Lines Pty, Rabaul, New Britain
10.5.93	Ferried Madang-Rabaul by Tim Sheen who had just arrived from Canberra to be employed by Captain Peter Sharpe/Rabaul Shipping/Masim Expeditions. Sheen was endorsed on the aircraft and familiarised on the minimal airstrips, which would be the most frequent destinations by previous pilot, Peter Wilkinson ex Talair.
	Sharp was a shipping vessel operator who also used Grumman Widgeon P2-WET under the name Masim Expeditions & Tours Pty Ltd, Rabaul. Plans for tourist ventures ended with the 1994 volcanic eruption, which destroyed the airstrip and town.
	Pilot Tim Sheen: "The aircraft engines were extremely reliable and the job itself was full of adventure. It mostly entailed flying Peter Sharpe, or his accountants, around trying to get payments owed to them by the PNG government, or running crew and engineers to ships. Buka in Bougainville was the most frequent destination."
19.9.94	P2-MEX was the last Rabaul based aircraft to depart as the nearby volcano commenced a major eruption. Pilot Tim Sheen now worked for Islands Nationair, but Sharpe phoned from Cairns and requested him to get the Twin Bonanza out of Rabaul. Took off at night (on a Mercy Flight basis) with 5 Islands Nationair staff as passengers.
97	Transferred to Peter Sharpe's brother Hamish Sharpe t/a Bismark Shipping Company
.97	P2-MEX noted Nadzab mid 97 in new paint scheme
00	P2-MEX noted Port Moresby, parked there for several months before ferry to Sydney
.00	Ferried Port Moresby to Sydney by David Pyett of Airag Aviation Services, Sydney-Bankstown.
23.6.00	Struck off New Guinea Register
19.7.00	Registered VH-MEC Airmariner Consultants Pty Ltd, Sydney NSW t/a Dove Air
3.9.00	P2-MEX noted Bankstown, parked outside, complete
28.3.07	P2-MEX noted Bankstown in Airag hangar, stripped under overhaul
25.7.09	P2-MEX noted Bankstown in Airag hangar
15	P2-MEX under extended overhaul by David Pyett/ Airag Aviation Services for issue of Australian CofA. Still in its New Guinea paint scheme of blue, white and grey.
15	Reported that Twin Bonanza ZS-CYX retired at Jandakot WA had been acquired by Airmariner Consultants Pty Ltd. Assumed as a parts source for the rebuild of VH-MEC
	Currently registered

N9316Y on its delivery flight to Laos, seen at a refuelling stop at RAF Sharjah December 1965. Photo by John Phillips

N9316Y outside the Bird Air hangar at Vientiane, Laos circa 1974. Paul Howard collection

William Bird's N9316Y stored at Singapore-Seletar July 1980 with one of his retired DC-6Bs. Photo by Geoff Goodall

P2-MEX at Rabaul in 1994 with Golden Kumul Line. It is pictured at Rabaul's old Lanakai airfield which was destroyed by a volcanic eruption later that year.

The company's Grumman Widgeon amphibian P2-WET is parked behind. Photo by Paul Howard

P2-MEX at Nadzab TPNG during 1997, in a new paint scheme. Photo by Paul Howard

BEECH D50E c/n DH-343 ZS-CYX

.61	Built at Wichita Kansas by Beech Aircraft Corporation
11.62	Registered ZS-CYX: Air Cape, Cape Town South Africa
.62	Air Cape was founded by South African construction developer Clifford Harris, to utilise his aircraft supporting construction sites across the country. Charter Licence was issued 10.8.62. Air Cape grew to become a scheduled airline operator with DC-3s and turbine equipment, operating some domestic routes for South African Airways
12.8.73	ZS-CXY noted at Oudtshoorn, South Africa
16.2.74	ZS-CXY noted at Cape Town, "Air Cape" titles
17.9.76	Registered to M.W.R.G. De Udy
5.2.77	ZS-CXY noted at Cape Town, "Air Cape" titles
c87	Shipped from South Africa to Perth, Western Australia. Reported that its South African owner had migrated to Australia
4.88	ZS-CXY noted dismantled in the Kevron Photographics hangar at Perth-Jandakot Airport WA. Blue and white paint scheme with skin removed from its rear fuselage. Planned rebuild using parts from Kevron’s retired Twin Bonanza VH-KPB.
4.91	Parked outside Kevron hangar, engines and outer wings removed. Rebuild discontinued.
10	Reportedly now owned by Airmariner Consultants Pty Ltd, Sydney NSW Assumed as a parts source for their Twin Bonanza VH-MEC extended rebuid as Bankstown (see previous entry)
15	ZS-CXY still at Jandakot

ZS-CYX at Perth-Jandakot in April 1991 after the rebuiid had been discontinued. Photo by Geoff Goodall

BEECH J50 c/n JH-163 VH-BRH

.62	Built at Wichita Kansas by Beech Aircraft Corporation The J50 was the last production model of the Twin Bonanza line, which ceased production the following year
4.62	Registered N1779G
	Purchased by US Army for test purposes, allocated type NU-8E-BH, serial 66-15360
63/66	N1779G US Army Signal Research & Development Laboratory, Fort Monmouth, Lakehurst, New Jersey
	NU-8E type designation allocated to Beech U-8D Seminole equipped as instrumentation flying laboratory, 2 crew, 2 passengers.
	Reregistered N5375G
	Reregistered N888JE
99	Reregistered N74GV Glen T. Van Ingen, Las Vegas NV Glen had flown Pilatus Porters for Air America in Vietnam and Laos for 7 years, and he planned to repaint his Twin Bonanza in Air America colour scheme, but never did.
7.99	N74GV at Oshkosh, pilot Glen Van Ingen camping in a tent under the wing
7.00	N74GV at Oshkosh
	Purchased in USA by Gerry Quinn of AAS
19.9.03	N74GV ferried Christmas Island to Faleolo, continued to Norfolk Island 20.9.03
21.9.03	N74GV ferried Norfolk Island-Lord Howe Island-Kempsey on delivery to AAS
6.11.03	N74GV ferried Kempsey-Bankstown to end delivery flight
22.4.04	Registered VH-BRH Australian Aircraft Sales (NSW) Pty Ltd, Sydney-Bankstown NSW
12.9.06	noted at Sunbury-Penfield Vic, white & grey with red & black trim, "AAS" on nose
10.06	noted at Essendon, "AAS" on the nose
17.11.07	Change of ownership: Craig Hobart, Sydney NSW, later Surfers Paradise Qld
12.3.09	VH-BRH at airshow Avalon Vic. "AAS" emblem on nose.
12.8.15	VH-BRH noted Camden NSW parked in the open in the same positon for some months
15.6.20	Change of ownership: Klaus Lesker/ Industrial Plant & Service Australia pty Ltd, Somersby NSW

The sleek nose of the J50 model can be seen in this view of VH-BRH at Essendon in October 2006.

Australian Aircraft Sales' AAS emblem is on the nose. Photo by Gordon Reid

VISITING TWIN BONANZAS:

Beech D50 N4371D (c/n DH-131) on a world tour in late 1962, owned by Gunther W. Balz, Kalamazoo, Michigan. Visited Wellington New Zealand

on 9 December 1962, noted at Moorabbin on 22 December 1962 in a blue, white and gold colour scheme. It was later reported at Dakar-Yoff, Senegal

on 28 April 1963, and Prestwick, Scotland on 22 June 1963 en route Gatwick to USA.

Moorabbin Vic 22 December 1962. Bob Neate collection

Beech B50 N3680B (c/n CH-77) was at Sydney Airport in February 1973, with ferry fuel tank in the cabin. It was owned by American

Wayne B. Fowler, a Seventh Day Adventist Missionary at Tonga in the Pacific who was later to form Tonga Air Services.

Sydney Airport, 24 February 1973. Photo by Roger McDonald

References:

- Australian Civil Aircraft Register, Dept of Civil Aviation and its successors

- DCA Annual Accident Summaries, 1958-1970

- DCA initial registration files VH-EWT, VH-CLA, National Archives of Australia, Melbourne

- National Library of Australia - Trove newspaper archive website

- US Civil Aircraft Register, FAA, printed editions 1963-1972 held by compiler

- Journal, Aviation Historical Society of Australia, 1960-1970

- Southern Aeronotes, monthly, January-November 1964

- NSW Air Log, monthly, June-December 1964

- Australian Air Log, monthly, 1965-1968

- Airport Movement Reports, Air Britain monthly, 1962-63;

- US Civil Aircraft News, Midland Counties Publications, 1976-1979: Beech 50 listings & updates

- East-West Eagles, Archie J. Smith, Robert Brown & Assoc, Brisbane 1989

- Failure of Triumph -The Story of Connellan Airways, E. J. Connellan, Paradigm Investments, 1992

- Flypast A Record of Aviation in Australia, Neville Parnell & Trevor Boughton, CAA 1988

- The Aircraft of the World, William Green & Gerald Pollinger, McDonald & Co, London 1965

My thanks to Paul Howard for his detailed history of P2-MEX

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